Theory
of Liberation and Operating Conditioning in Learning
Introduction
Education
as a young generation creator must have a good concept. in education also known
a learning terms, this learning becomes a process which education will take
place. The learning process will take place when have a concept or theory that able
to be understood by learners.
Lot
of learning theories in education. All of that is nothing else to provide
convenience to students so that students can quickly understand the lesson.
Learning theories are often found or used is the theory of learning western
scientists, but in reality Muslim scientists also have a separate theory
related to learning.
Education
develops is very rapidly in this milinium era, many methods, strategies used by
teachers to facilitate learners, in theory this learning all have similarities
and difference, such as in implementation and the content of the theory. It
would be good to do not only use one or two methods of learning, learning
vareation aims to measure the ability and develop different students'
intelligence.
Discussion
In
modern era, of course there are many models of learning which are creative and
innovative. Each teacher has different concepts and theories in directing the
students and have different goals, it’s mean that the emphasis of learning will
be more specified, to character education, intellectual intelligence or social
intelligence. All these things have different concepts to achieve a good education.
B.F
Skinner is one of the western scientists who developed the theory of Operant
Condition. This theory reveals that behavior is not just a response to the
stimulus, but a deliberate or operant act. Behavior is the relationship between
stimulants and response. Behavior occurs when there is a special stimulus.
Skinner
(1958) provides a definition of learning "Laundering is a process of
progressive behavior adaptation". From the definition can be explained
that learning is a process of behavior adaptation that is progressive. This
means that as a result of learning the nature of progressivity, there is a
tendency towards the better of the previous state.
According
Skinner that a character of person is formed by the response in they environment,
for the most important thing to form a personality is the reward and
punishment. The rewards will be awarded for the expected response while
penalties for the wrong response. This Skinner's concentrates to the
relationship between behavior and consequence.
In
this case, Skinner strongly emphasizes the learning process in a person's
behavior that is caused with the response from the environment. This is way is
stimulate someone so they can do something, then there is said to be a form of
appreciation for someone more active in doing so, but there is also punishment
given to someone who is not in accordance with the response given, the
consequence is the response will continuously given until someone can do it
right.
In
contrast to a Muslim figure, namely Abdurrahman (Gus Dur). Gus Dur developed
the theory of liberation in education, he critic the frequent violence in
schools, violence can be said to have become a culture and seems to be a
"legalized" mechanism, but many people say that violent acts conducted
by schools ocnum, only as a manifestation of resentment and outlet of the
person's anger to others. Violence that occurs in the world of education today
has been recognized by many people and become the center of the hate. Whether
it's physical violence or psychological violence.
His
opinion about education is humanism, which leads to liberation, especially the
liberation of thinking and acting, so that the potential will develop as usual,
the potential in the intention is the spiritual potential, nafsiyah (soul),
aqliyah (mind and body) with make the process of thinking, humans will find the
existence of its presence as a creature that has been given a sense.
education
have to give the students with the opportunity to develop their potential, it
mean that the learners can not reject the modern system this time, the learners are given the opportunity to
interpret and implement their potential without coercion or tendency to one
thing only.
All
theories that have been described have the same goal of develop the potential
of learners, although in the implementation process has differences. Skinner's
theory that tends to be the decisive response of a behavior, as if limiting the
learner's space, in the sense that learners should be given responses and
stimulus in doing something, and this will be an impact on the development of
learners when they will do which is more when there is a reward, and will be a
slow impact in the development for learners when punished and will only repeat
the same thing until it succeeds.
Liberation
education according to Gus Dur's perspective is a concept of Islamic education
that have to provide space for learners to develop their potential without
being limited by partial systems.
Closing
Learning
theory will always be in the learning process, it is so that learners can
understand the lesson easily. Learning theories vary widely, including learning
theory developed by B. F Skinner and Kh. Abdurrahman Wahid. Their theories are
both oriented towards the development of learners and have different concepts.
In good learning not only use one or two theories, but also need to combine
some theories that it is considered good and is good for learners in accordance
with the conditions of these learners.
Reference
Zhou Molly, David Brown, Educational
Learning Theories, 2014
Aras, Muh. Thesis: KONSEP
PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PEMBEBASAN:
Perspektif K.H.
Abdurrahman Wahid,(Makkasar: UIN
ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR) 2017
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